  |
 |
 |
 |
Illinois Home
About Us
News
Programs
Technical Resources
Partnerships
Features
Contact Us
|
   |
|
|
Illinois Urban ManualPRACTICE STANDARDPERMANENT VEGETATION
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Species 1/ | Common name | Native | Moisture | Sunlight | Seeding rate 2/ | Aggressive | Salt tolerance | Seeds/oz. 3/ | Recommended planting method |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GRASSES | |||||||||
| Agrostis alba |
red top | N | mesic-wet | full-partial | .5-1.0 | N | High | 312000 | seed |
| Andropogon gerardi | big blue stem | Y | mesic | full | 2.0-5.0 | N | No consensus | 8200-10000 | seed |
| Avena sativa |
oats | N | mesic-dry | full | 30-50 | N | Moderate | 3/ | seed |
| Bouteloua curtipendula | side oats grama | Y | mesic-dry | full | 5 | N | Low | 6000-8000 | seed |
| Bromus inermis |
smooth brome | N | mesic-dry | full | 24 | Y | High | 8500 | seed |
| Bromus pubescens | woodland brome | Y | mesic | shade-partial | 0.031 | N | Low to Moderate | 70875 | seed |
| Calamagrostis canadensis | blue joint grass | Y | wet | full | .03-.25 | N | Low | 95000-280000 | transplants (plugs) |
| Cinna arundinacea | common wood reed | Y | mesic | shade-partial | 0.1-1.0 | N | Low to Moderate | 56700 | seed |
| Dactylus glomerata | orchard grass | N | mesic-wet | full-partial | 4-8 | N | High | 41000 | seed |
| Echinochloa crusgalli | barn yard grass | Y | mesic-wet | full-partial | .375-4.0 | Y | High | 31500 | seed |
| Elymus canadensis | nodding wild rye | Y | mesic-wet | full-partial | .02-3.0 | N | Low-Moderate | 4200-5200 | seed |
| Elymus virginicus |
Virginia wild rye | Y | mesic-wet | full-partial | .06-1.0 | N | No consensus | 4200-4500 | seed |
| Festuca elatior |
tall fescue (many varieties) | N | mesic-dry | full-partial | 10-30 | N | Moderate to High | 14000 | seed |
| Festuca rubra |
red fescue (many varieties) | N | mesic | full-partial | 10-20 | N | Moderate to High | 38000 | seed |
| Glyceria striata |
fowl manna grass | Y | mesic-wet | full-partial | .05-1.0 | N | Low to Moderate | 113000-160000 | seed |
| Hystrix patula |
bottlebrush grass | Y | mesic | shade-partial | 0.062 | N | Low to Moderate | 4700-7600 | seed |
| Leersia oryzoides | rice cut grass | Y | wet | full-partial | .1-1.0 | N | No consensus | 34000-94000 | seed, rhizomes |
| Lolium multiflorum | annual ryegrass | N | mesic-dry | full-partial | 10-30 | N | Moderate to High | 14000 | seed |
| Lolium perenne |
perennial ryegrass | N | mesic-dry | full-partial | 10-30 | N | Moderate to High | 14000 | seed |
| Panicum virgatum | switch grass | Y | mesic-wet | full-partial | .125-1.0 | N | Moderate to High | 14000-18000 | seed |
| Phleum pratense |
timothy | N | mesic | full-partial | .375-2.0 | N | High | 77000 | seed |
| Schizachyrium scoparium | little blue stem | Y | dry | full | 1.0-6.0 | N | No consensus | 8800-15000 | seed |
| Sorghastrum nutans | Indian grass | Y | mesic | full | 2.5-6.0 | N | Moderate to High | 8300 | seed |
| Spartina pectinata | prairie cord grass | Y | wet | full-partial | .125-2.0 | N | High | 157500 | rhizomes, transplants |
| Sporobolus heterolepis | prairie drop seed | Y | dry | full | .5 | N | Low | 14000-16000 | seed |
| Zizania aquatica |
wild rice | Y | wet | full | 3 | N | No consensus | 3/ | seed |
| FORBS & GRAMINOIDS (grass-like) | |||||||||
| Acorus calamus |
sweet flag | Y | 6-20in. water | full-partial | .006-.25 | N | No consensus | 750-3300 | rhizomes |
| Asclepias incarnata | swamp milkweed | Y | wet | full | .31 | N | Moderate to High | 4650 | seed |
| Alisma subcordatum | water plantain | Y | 0-6in. water | full | .06-.5 | N | Moderate to High | 60000-70000 | seed |
| Aster leavis |
smooth blue aster | Y | mesic-dry | full-partial | .02-.125 | N | Low | 48000-55000 | seed |
| Aster
lanceolatus |
panicled aster | Y | mesic-wet | full-partial | .03-.06 | N | Low to Moderate | 3/ | seed |
| Aster novae-angliae | New England aster | Y | mesic-wet | full-partial | .03-.375 | N | Low to Moderate | 66000-70000 | seed |
| Bidens cernua |
nodding beggarsticks | Y | wet | full-partial | .25-.5 | N | Moderate to High | 14000-21000 | seed |
| Bidens frondosa |
common beggarsticks | Y | wet | full-partial | .125 | Y | Moderate to High | 28000 | seed |
| Carex comosa |
bristly sedge | Y | 0-12in. water | full-partial | .125-.375 | N | Low to Moderate | 29000 | transplants (plugs) |
| Carex cristatella |
crested oval sedge | Y | wet | full-partial | .125 | N | Low to Moderate | 141750 | fresh seed |
| Carex granularis |
pale sedge | Y | wet | full-partial | .031 | N | Low | 3/ | fresh seed |
| Carex hystricina |
porcupine sedge | Y | wet | full-partial | 0.125 | N | Low | 29840 | seed |
| Carex lanuginosa | wooly sedge | Y | wet | full | .125 | N | Moderate to High | 23625 | seed |
| Carex scoparia |
lance-fruited oval sedge | Y | wet | full-partial | 0.125 | N | Low | 84000 | seed |
| Carex stipata |
awl-fruited sedge | Y | wet | full-partial | .125 | N | Low to Moderate | 35000 | seed |
| Carex vulpinoidea | fox sedge | Y | wet | full-partial | .06-.5 | N | Moderate | 100000-141000 | seed |
| Coreopsis tripteris | tall coreopsis | Y | mesic | full-partial | .25-.5 | N | Low to Moderate | 11500-14000 | seed |
| Coreopsis palmata | prairie coreopsis | Y | mesic | full | .015-.5 | N | Low | 8800 | seed |
| Echinacea
pallida |
pale purple cone flower | Y | mesic | full | .25-.5 | N | Low | 5100 | seed |
| Eleocharis obtusa | blunt spike rush | Y | wet | full | .02-.4 | N | Moderate | 3/ | seed |
| Eleocharis smallii |
creeping spike rush | Y | wet | full | .02-.4 | N | Moderate | 3/ | seed |
| Eupatorium maculatum | spotted joe pye weed | Y | wet | full | .06-2.0 | N | Low to Moderate | 85000-95000 | seed |
| Eupatorium perfoliatum | common boneset | Y | wet | full | .06-.125 | N | Low to Moderate | 160000-200000 | seed |
| Gentiana andrewsii | bottle gentian | Y | mesic-wet | full-partial | .015-.125 | ----- | Low to Moderate | 800000 | seed |
| Geranium maculatum | wild geranium | Y | mesic | shade-partial | 0.54 | N | Low | 350 | seed |
| Helenium autumnale | sneezeweed | Y | wet | full-partial | .12-.5 | N | Low to Moderate | 130000 | seed |
| Helianthus grosseserratus | sawtooth sunflower | Y | wet | full | .15-.31 | Y | Moderate to High | 15000 | seed |
| Iris virginica |
blue flag iris | Y | wet | full-partial | .06-.625 | N | Low to Moderate | 850-1000 | rhizomes, transplants |
| Juncus effusus |
common rush | Y | wet | full-partial | .37 | N | Moderate to High | 3/ | rhizomes |
| Juncus torreyi |
Torrey's rush | Y | wet | full-partial | .006-.375 | N | Moderate to High | 70875 | rhizomes |
| Liatris pycnostachya | prairie blazing star | Y | mesic-wet | full | .125 | N | Low | 11500 | seed |
| Liatris spicata |
marsh blazing star | Y | wet | full | .125 | N | Low | 11500 | seed |
| Lotus corniculatus* | bird's foot trefoil | N | mesic | full | 8 | Y | High | 25000 | seed |
| Medicago sativa* |
alfalfa | N | mesic | full | 8 | Y | Moderate to High | 12500 | seed |
| Lobelia
cardinalis |
cardinal flower | Y | wet | full-partial | .06 | N | No consensus | 300000-400000 | seed |
| Monarda fistulosa | wild bergamot | Y | mesic | full-partial | .125-1.0 | N | Moderate | 75000-78000 | seed |
| Petalostemum purpureum* | purple prairie clover | Y | mesic | full | .25 | N | Low to Moderate | 19000 | seed |
| Phlox
divaricata |
woodland phlox | Y | mesic | shade-partial | 0.13 | N | Low | 12500 | seed |
| Polygonum amphibium | water smartweed | Y | 0-20in. water | full | .5-1.5 | N | No consensus | 3/ | seed |
| Pycnanthemum virginianum | common mountain mint | Y | mesic-wet | full | .02-.06 | N | No consensus | 220000-284000 | seed |
| Ratibida pinnata |
yellow cone flower | Y | mesic | full | .125-.25 | N | No consensus | 27000-30000 | seed |
| Rudbeckia hirta |
black-eyed susan | Y | mesic | full-partial | .125-.5 | N | Moderate | 92000-100000 | seed |
| Sagittaria latifolia | broadleaf arrowhead | Y | 6-20in. water | full-partial | .06-.25 | N | Moderate | 56700 | rhizomes, transplants |
| Scirpus acutus |
hardstem bulrush | Y | 0-36in. water | full | .06-.25 | N | High | 18000-30000 | rhizomes |
| Scirpus americanus (pungens) | chairmaker's rush | Y | 0-16.5in. water | full | .06-.125 | N | Moderate to High | 3/ | rhizomes |
| Scirpus fluviatilis |
river bulrush | Y | 0-30in. water | full-partial | .06-.125 | N | Moderate to High | 3375 | rhizomes |
| Scirpus tabernaemontani (validus) | soft-stem bulrush | Y | 12-20in. water | full | .06-.25 | N | Moderate to High | 31000-38000 | rhizomes |
| Silphium laciniatum | compass plant | Y | mesic | full | .03-.19 | N | Low to Moderate | 655 | seed |
| Silphium terebinthinaceum | prairie dock | Y | mesic-wet | full | .03-.19 | N | Moderate | 1050 | seed |
| Smilacina racemosa | false solomon's seal | Y | mesic | shade-partial | ----- | N | Low to Moderate | 900-1000 | seed, transplants |
| Solidago gigantea | late goldenrod | Y | mesic-wet | full | .06-.3 | N | Moderate to High | 378000 | seed |
| Sparganium eurycarpum | common burreed | Y | 0-12in. water | full-partial | .2-.375 | N | Low to Moderate | 550 | rhizomes |
| Tradescantia ohiensis | spiderwort | Y | mesic-dry | full-partial | .06-1.0 | N | Low to Moderate | 8000 | seed |
| Trifolium hybridum* | alsike clover | N | mesic | full-partial | 4-8 | N | High | 44000 | seed |
| Trifolium pratense* | red clover | N | mesic | full-partial | 4-8 | N | Moderate to High | 17000 | seed |
| Verbena
h astata |
blue vervain | Y | wet | full | .015-.125 | N | Moderate to High | 93000-100000 | seed |
| Vernonia fasciculata | common iron weed | Y | wet | full | .01-.19 | N | No consensus | 20000-24000 | seed, transplants |
| 1/ The
nomenclature (plant names) used follow Kartesz (1994) which has been largely
adopted as a national standard. Some commonly used synonyms are given in parentheses. |
|||||||||
| 2/ All
seeding rate information is pounds per acre and based upon Pure Live Seed (PLS). Seeding rates are given as ranges, since the actual seeding rate desired depends upon whether it is used as part of a mix or for a pure stand. |
|||||||||
| 3/ The seeds
per ounce data is taken from supplier catalogues where available. Where no data was available or where large conflicts between sources existed this entry is blank. |
|||||||||
| * Legumes requiring proper inoculant. | |||||||||
| urbst880a.xls | NRCS IL | October-01 | |||||||
|
|
Back to Top